Green Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier produced by splitting water (H₂O) into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, powered exclusively by renewable energy sources like solar and wind. This process is carbon-free, distinguishing it from 'grey hydrogen' (produced from natural gas, releasing CO₂) and 'blue hydrogen' (produced from natural gas with carbon capture). Because it produces no carbon emissions during production or combustion, it is a key component in strategies for deep decarbonization.
While the process of electrolysis has been known since the 19th century, the concept of 'green' hydrogen gained significant momentum in the 21st century. This surge is driven by the falling costs of renewable energy, increased urgency to combat climate change, and global policy shifts towards net-zero emissions.
Green hydrogen is seen as a critical solution for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors where direct electrification is difficult. These include heavy industries like steel and ammonia production, long-haul transportation, shipping, and aviation. While challenges related to cost, production scale, and infrastructure remain, numerous large-scale projects are being developed worldwide to build a global green hydrogen economy.