Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity, or brain plasticity, is the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization. These changes range from individual neurons making new connections, to systematic adjustments like cortical remapping. Examples of neuroplasticity include circuit and network changes that result from learning a new ability, environmental influences, practice, and psychological stress.
The term 'plasticity' was first applied to behavior in 1890 by William James. The specific term 'neuroplasticity' is often attributed to Jerzy Konorski in 1948.
Neuroplasticity has revolutionized our understanding of the brain, showing that it is not a static organ but is capable of significant adaptation throughout life, offering hope for recovery from brain injuries and cognitive decline.