Quantum sensors use quantum mechanical properties, such as quantum entanglement, superposition, or interference, to measure physical quantities with unprecedented precision. They can detect incredibly minute changes in gravity, magnetic fields, time, or acceleration that are invisible to classical sensors. Examples include atomic clocks (for GPS), SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) for brain imaging, and quantum gravimeters for mapping underground structures.
Rooted in the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics established in the early 20th century, but practical devices like atomic clocks and MRI scanners (which use quantum principles) emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century. The 'second quantum revolution' is now driving a new wave of ultra-sensitive devices.
Critical for next-generation navigation (GPS-free navigation), medical diagnostics (early detection of brain disorders), and mineral exploration. They are a key component of the emerging quantum technology ecosystem alongside quantum computing.