A powered exoskeleton is a wearable mobile machine that is powered by a system of electric motors, pneumatics, levers, or hydraulics that allows for limb movement with increased strength and endurance. They are designed to assist the wearer by bearing loads, augmenting strength, or restoring mobility to people with disabilities.
The first exoskeleton-like device was patented in 1890 by Nicholas Yagn, a steam-powered apparatus for walking and running. In the 1960s, General Electric and the US Military developed the 'Hardiman', a hydraulic exoskeleton. However, it wasn't until the 2000s, with advancements in battery technology and lightweight materials, that practical exoskeletons like the HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb) and ReWalk became reality.
Exoskeletons are now used in medical rehabilitation to help paraplegics walk, in industrial settings to reduce worker fatigue and prevent injury (e.g., Ford assembly lines), and in the military. As technology improves, they are becoming lighter, 'smarter' (using AI to predict movement), and more affordable.